Reenforced paper and method of making the same



Feb; 20, 1923. 1,446,092.

P. T.-JACKSON. v

REENFORCED PAPER AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME.

FILED our. 21. 1919. 2'SHEETS-SHEET l- P. T. JACKSON.

Feb; 20, 1923.

REENFORCED PAPER AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME.

2 SHE "S-SHEET 2.

FILED OCT. 21, 1919.

- forming machine, and that when such fleece a are secured by employin .ments of unspun long 'fi res such as flax,

" selves are under lengthwise tension. The

Patented F eh. 20, 1923.

Pics;

PATRICK JACKSON, 01 CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO PAPER PRODUCTS MACHINE COMPANY, OF

- BATION or massacnusnr'rs.

BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, A CORPO- nnnnroncnn PAPER AND mn'rnon or Maxine THE v To allwhom it'may concern:

Be it known that I, PATRICK T. JAoKsoN, a citizen of the United. States, residing at Cambridge, in the'count-y of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improvement in Reenforced Paper and Methods of Making the Same, of which the following descript on, in COIlIlGCtlOIlfWltll the accompanying drawings, is a specification,-like characters on the drawings representing like parts. v

This invention'lrelates to reenforced paper and the process or method of making the same. i

It has heretofore been suggested that a reenforced paper might be formed by securing to a paper Web a fleece of cotton fibres. As well understood by thoseskilled in the art, a fleece usually consists of short fibers which run in divers directions as'the fleece comes from the card or other fleece is secured to the paper web, very little if any reenforcement is imparted to the paper strip because the fibres are short and intermingled and have no definite or predetermined direction, but on the contrary, ex-

tend in various directions, transversely, diagonally, and in other relations to the web to which the fibers are intended to be secured. Moreover, the fleece is deposited upon the paper web in a fluify condltlon', and usually only the fibres next to the web become attached thereto, and even' these ex-' tend in various directions relative to the paper strip. In order to impart the desired tensile strength to the 'aper, it is desirable to have the filaments w ich are connected to the paperstrip, extend substantially in a longitudinal direction and be individuallysecured-to the paper strip. The best results reenforcing filasisal, ramie and siinilar long1 staplefibres, and adhesively securing sa' filaments to the pa r str1p' while the filaments themeifectof this is that the individual reenforcing filaments or unspun; long staple fibers are adhesively' secured to the surface of the paper strip in substantially separated relation and extend in the substantial longitudinal direction of the paper strip, and being undertension, when thus secured-to Application filed October 21, 1919. Serial No. 382, 201.

the' paper strip, they impart thereto the desired reinforcement. a

An important feature ofthe present invention comprises a paper fabric having secured thereto longitudinally of the paper fabric, a series of reinforcing filaments which are. adhesively secured to the paper strip while the unspun fibres areunder. tension.-

The reinforcing filaments or unspun long staple fibres may be adhesively secured under lengthwise tension to the paper strip by some glue or adhesive, but for many purposes it is desirable thatthe adhesivebe a Waterproof material, and in carrying the invention into praetical effect, such Waterproof adhesive for securing the lengthwise tensioned long staple fibers to the paper, ma be asphaltum or similar substance.

nother important feature of the invention comprises a proces or-method of formmg the reenfonced paper, which consists in ad esively securing the separate reinforcing filaments to the ments are under ngthwise tension.

The'method may be carried into effect by wvarious means, vone good form of which is illustrated inthe accompanying "dr'awmgs.

In the drawings':- j 1 J Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a machine for separating and laying long staple fibres paper web while the filae in parallel longitudinal relation and maintaining them under length i tension as are applied to a paper web; v r

they

ig. 2 is a sectional detail showing thev fibres being paper web;

.- Fig. 3 is a,

applied between two plies of face;;;or plan View showing a paper web having adhesively secured'thereto' long stapleunspun fibres or filaments.-

Fig. 4 is a plan or face view showing on an enlar ed scale, a narrow section as it'is divided grom the web of Fig- 3.; and

.Fig- 5 is'a perspective vview showing one of the uses to which thereehforced paper may be applied as for instance, in the form a of a twisted thread- I y .The character "of the reinforcing filaments which may be, applied under lengthwise tension'to the paper web or strip, may be of suitable character, but more particularly the present invention has in view the application of long staple unspun fibres, such as flax, sisal and the like, and in illustrating amachine .for'carrying the invention into practical effect, a mechanism adapted to operate on such long staple unspun fibres is shown.-

In the drawings, and more particularly referring to Fig. 1, the long staple fibre a consists of sisal or flax fibre,- which after it has been scutched and has had the woody matter removed therefrom, is fed between the feed rolls 1 and 2 for delivering the fibre to a hackling or drawing-out and tensioning process. In-the present instance of the invention, the feed rolls 1 "land 2 are driven from a suitable source of power as by means of the belt 3 which passes over a driving pulley 4 connected to one of the feed rolls. A spring 5 may be advantageously employed and adjusted by a hand wheel 6 for maintaining the feed rolls 1 and 2 in proper working relation.

The long staple fibres a after passing between the feed rolls 1 and 2 are fed lengthwise tothe drawing or tensioning meanseither direct or by means such as an apron or belt '7 which passes over the end rolls 8 and 9 and under the roll 10, the construc-.

tion being such that as the long staple fibres a are delivered by the feed rolls, they are carried to the drawing-out and tensioning mechanism, as will presently appear.

he roll 9 may be driven from a suitable source of power, in the present instance, a pulley 10 as indicated is driven by a belt 11 which also extends over a pulley 12 connected to the shaft 13 of the roll 14. Above the roll 9 is another roll 15 which serves to maintain the elongated fibres in contact with the apron 7 at the pinchbetween the rolls 9 and 15, and as such elongated fibres.

pass to the drawing or tensioning means.

Sultablymounted on the machine frame in co-operative relation with the roll 14 is sprocket wheels carried by the rolls 14 and 16 respectively. Each of theslats or rods 17 isprovided with a seriesof pins which extend upwardly therefrom as indicated at 19, andas the pins rise from the under portion of the roll 14, these pins enter between the elongated fibres a; asthey emerge between the rolls 9an'd 15. The drawing'or hackling apron 17 may have a 'greaterjsurface speedjthan the speed of delivery of the elongated fibres a from between the-rolls 9 and 15, the effect being that the fibres a are not only drawn into parallel relation by "the pins, but they are placed under lengthwise tension, and while under this tension,

the fibres, now appearing in substantially parallel relation as at I), pass into the bight between the delivery rolls 20 and 21. The

rolls 20 and 21 are preferably given a someby a suitable source of power, and a spring 24 which may be similar to the spring 5 serves to hold the rolls 20 and 21 in'operative relation, the construction being such that as the long staple fibres. l) emerge from the bight of the rolls 20 and 21, they are in substantial parallelism and under tension, and while in such condition, the presentinvention contemplates that the filaments or long staple fibers may be adhesively attached to the paper web.

In the present instance, the paper web is indicated at 0, and travels in the direc-" tionofthe arrow from a suitable supply over a guide roll 25, and then under a roll 26 where. it is supplied with an adhesive from a roll 27. The roll 27 may be supplied with the adhesive in any suitable manner, but as indicated in the present insta ce, it rotates partially submerged in the adhesive 28 contained in a tank or-receptacle 29; The adhesive is preferably water-proof so that when applied to the paper as indicated by the dots at d (Fig. 1), the waterproof. adhesive imparts a waterproof character to the paper web.

The paper web passes from between the adhesive roll 27 and the roll 26 over the guide roll 30 which is so positioned relative to the roll 20 that as the straightened and tensioned longstaple fibres emerge from 7 between the rolls 20 and 21'they are forced into intimate contact with the adhesive surface of the paper web or fabric between the rolls 20 and 30. The roll 20 may be heated by any suit-able heat medium which in thethrough the roll 20 by a pipe,'th e conditions being such that the roll 20 will beisufii'cient 1y heated to prevent objectionableaccumulation of the adhesive thereon and permit the tens'ioned and straightened fibres being pressed onto {and adhesively engage the sticky surface of the papenlt desired a cooling blast of 'ai r, maybe projected upon the 'surface of the'web bymeans of a pipe 31 connected by a conduit 32 with a suitable supply, but this is not always necessary.

The paper web 0 passes from the roll 30 present instance may be circulated adhesivel scribed. When properly over a supporting and feeding roll 33 which may be driven by a suitable belt 34 and; pulley 35, deriving their motion from a suitable source of power. In order 'that the feeding roll 33' may imp-art to the paperweb a travel somewhat in excess to the speed of the reinforcing filaments b to thereby cause" the filaments to be maintained under lenghtwise tension as they are adhesively secured to the paper web, the paper web may be supplied with the adhesive throughout its surface, except at the marginal portions 36 on which bear the idle rolls 37 which co-operate with the feed roll 33 to give to the paper web its desired movement. I

From the construction described it will be clear that the filaments, which may preferably be unspun fibres of long staple, are first arranged in substantial, parallel relation,.and then while in such parallel rel'ation and under lengthwise tension, the are secured to the surface 0 the paper we so that they impart to the papera substantial and definite reinforcement and are in substantial parallel relation.

It will sometimes be desirable to enclose the longitudinal reinforcing filaments between two plies of paper, and a construction which may be employed for this purpose is indicated. by Fig. 2, wherein the frame of the/machine 38 support-s the standard 39 at a point in advance of the drawing and hackhng apron, and on the standard 39 are the drawing and guide rolls 40 and '41 be tween which pass the paper webs 42 and 43 as indicated by the arrows. The longitudinally extending and- 'lenghtwise tension fibres at b Fig. 2, and then the duplex fabric is drawn longitudinally by ,the drawing or feed rolls 44'and 45, the construction bein such that'by operating the rolls-'40, 41, and 44, 45 at somewhat increased speed relative to the s eed of the fibres, the filaments or .fibres- 0 long staple b are secured to the paper webs in parallel relation. and under lenghtwise tension. When the fibres. or filaments have been "secured to the paper web, it may be dried and thus provide a strong and durable wrapping material for general use, or, if desired, it may be subsequentl treated to form-threads, as will now be escribed.

In Fig. 3 the elongated and lengthwise tension filaments .b' are shown as extending in substantial parallel relation longitudinally of the paper web to which they. have been adhesively secured, preferably by waterproof material, as 'hereinbefore dedried and ready for further treatment, the paper web may be divided into strips f along the lines Q3-w as indicated in Fig. 3, thereby pro- (Fig. 2) pass between the two plies of paper 42 and 43 as indicated in .tudinally thereof and adhesively thereto under lengthwise tension.

fibres being such that they extend with the.

paper a plural number of times about the axis of the thread thus formed.

The paper strip and longitudinally extending fibres may be twisted so as to present the paper surfaoe'outwardly throughout the length of the thread, or it may be twisted to present the water-proof and fibrous surface outwardly. The threads thus formed may be advantageously employed for a great variety of purposes. The essentials of the present invention consist in the method of making the reenforced paper and also in the reenforced paper itself, which preferably may' consist of more than one' layer having longitudinally extending-reinforcing unspun fibres of long staple secured adhesively to the paper strip or paper strips under longitudinal tension.

The reenforced paper fabric described is adapted for a great variety of uses, such for instance, as wrappers, covers for shipment of substances of various kinds, cases, andin I fact, as ageneral substitute for the more expensive materials now generally used. The terms paper fabric, strip, and 'web are used in their general sense and. where more than one paper fabric strip or web is used to form the composite fabric, the reinforcing filaments may be enclosed advantageously between two of them, and such paper fabrics, strips, or webs, may be ofthe same or of different thicknesses.

What is claimed is 1. The method orprocessof forming reenforced paper, which consists in adhesively securing a series of unspun fibres to a paper web in longitudinal relation under lengthwise tension. I I

2. As an article of manufacture, reenforced paper, comprisingin its construc tion, a paper fabric which has a waterproof adhesive applied to one face thereof, a series of unspun fibres which extend in. substantially parallel relation longitudinally along the surface of the paper fabric and are 'secured thereto under lengthwise tension by the waterproof adhesive.

3. As an article of manufacture, reenforoed paper, comprising in its construction, a paper fabric which has a series of separate unspun fibres of long staple extending longi-' secu'redi 4. As an article of manufacture, reenforced, paper, comprising in its construction,"

a paper strip which has asphaltuni applied to one surface thereof, a seriesof long un- 3 spun fibres which extend 'in substantially parallel relation longitudinally of the paper strip and are secured thereto by the as-,

' phaltum under longitudinal tension, and a v 8. The 1 method of forming reenforced i second strip of paper superposed on the first strip and adhesively secured thereto.

5., The method of making reenforced paper, which consists in feeding a sheet of unspun fibres lengthwise, exerting a longitudinal pull upon the fibres as they are fed lengthwise, feeding a sheet'or web'of paper lengthwise, applying an adhesive to the surface of the sheet or web as it is fed lengthwise, and applying the unspun fibres to the adhesive on the paper sheet or webwhile the unspun fibres are under lengthwise tension.

'6. The method of forming reenforced paper having a series of unspun fibres of long staple adhesively applied thereto in substantially parallel relation and under lengthwise tension, which consists in adhesively securing leading portions of unspun fibres to a traveling paper sheet, exerting a retarding force upon the trailing portions of the fibres to place lengthwise tension on the fibres as the fibres are applied to the paper sheet, and finally freeing the trailing portions of the unspun fibres as they move with the paper sheet.

v 7. The method of forming reenforced 'paper having a series of unspun fibres of long staple adhesively applied thereto in substantially parallel relation and under lengthwisetension, which consists in adhe-' sively securing the leading portions of unspun fibres to a traveling paper sheet, and

exerting a retarding force on the trailing portions of the fibres. to tension the fibres lengthwise as they are drawn longitudinal] by the traveling paper sheet;

paper having a series of unspun fibres of long staple adhesively applied thereto in substantially parallel relation-and under lengthwise tension, which consists in adhesively securing an end of the unspun fibres to a paper sheet and exerting a longitudinal pull upon the fibres as they are applied to the paper sheet.

9. The method of forming reenforced paper having a. series of unspun fibres of .long staple adhesiyely applied thereto in substantially parallel relation and under length-' wise tension, .which consists in feeding a mass of unspun fibres from a source of supply, advancing a paper sheet longitudinally v at a speed greater than the speed of theunspun fibres, applying the leading portions of the unspun fibres adhesively to the faster traveling paper sheet to draw out the fibrsand place them under lengthwise tension on the adhesive surface of the paper sheet.

10. As an article of manufacture, reenforced paper comprising in its construction,

a paper strip which has a series of separate unspun fibres of long staple adhesively ap-- I plied thereto under lengthwise tension in a single layer of substantially-the same thickness as one of the fibres, (and with-the fibres.

allel non-continuous unspun fibres of comparatively long staple to a paper web in lon-v gitudinal relation under lengthwise tension.

In testimony whereof, ll have signed my name to this specification.

.P TsioK 'rL Ac'KsoN'. 

